The Monterey Bay Aquarium has a shallow tank filled with common types of rays which visitors are encouraged to touch. Some have aquatic versions of a petting zoo. įor marketing purposes, many aquariums promote special exhibits, in addition to their permanent collections. Modern aquariums also include land animals and plants that spend time in or near the water. Some establishments, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium or the Monterey Bay Aquarium, have aquatic aviaries. Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals, including otters and seals are often cared for at aquariums. This is accomplished through thick, clear acrylic glass windows. Modern aquarium tanks can hold millions of litres of water and can house large species, including dolphins, sharks or beluga whales. Public aquariums today Ī whale shark in Georgia Aquarium's largest aquarium The first Japanese public aquarium, a small freshwater aquarium called " Uonozoki", was opened at the Ueno Zoo in 1882. For many years, the Shedd Aquarium was the largest aquarium in the United States until the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta opened 2005.Įntertainment and aquatic circus exhibits were combined as themes in Philadelphia's Aquarama Aquarium Theater of the Sea (1962–1969) and Camden's re-invented Adventure Aquarium 2005, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium (1992). This was followed by the opening of other public aquariums: San Francisco ( Woodward's Gardens, 1873–1890), Woods Hole ( Woods Hole Science Aquarium, 1885), New York ( New York Aquarium, 1896–present), La Jolla ( Scripps, 1903), Honolulu ( Waikiki Aquarium, 1904–present), Detroit ( Belle Isle Aquarium, 1904–2005, 2012–Present), Philadelphia ( Philadelphia Aquarium, 1911–1962), San Francisco ( Steinhart Aquarium, 1923), Chicago ( Shedd Aquarium, 1929). Prior to its closing on 30 September 2013, the oldest American aquarium was the National Aquarium in Washington, D.C., founded in 1873. The Artis aquarium at Amsterdam Zoo was constructed inside a Victorian building in 1882, and was renovated in 1997.Īt the end of the 19th century the Artis aquarium was considered state-of-the-art, as it was again at the end of the 20th century. Because of Brehm's special interest in birds, a huge aviary, with cages for mammals placed around it, was located on the second floor.
Machinery and water tanks were on the ground floor, aquarium basins for the fish on the first floor. The Aquarium Unter den Linden was a three-story building. The grotto also featured birds and pools for seals. The Geologische Grotte depicted "the strata of the earth's crust". With its emphasis on education, the public aquarium was designed like a grotto, part of it made of natural rock. The aquarium's first director, Alfred Brehm, former director of the Hamburg Zoo from 1863 to 1866, served until 1874. The building site was to be Unter den Linden (along a major avenue), in the centre of town, not at the Berlin Zoo. A number of aquariums then opened in Europe, such as the Jardin d'Acclimatation in Paris and the Viennese Aquarium Salon (both founded 1860), the Marine Aquarium Temple as part of the Zoological Garden in Hamburg (1864), as well as aquariums in Berlin (1869) and Brighton (1872). In 1859, the Aquarial Gardens were founded in Boston. Barnum quickly followed in 1856 with the first American aquarium as part of his established Barnum's American Museum, which was located on Broadway in New York City before it burned down. The first public aquarium was opened in London Zoo in May 1853 the Fish House, as it came to be known, was constructed much like a greenhouse.
An early aquarium in Japan in the 18th century
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